The integer port argument is mandatory and you have to choose one that is not being used. These examples (all exact matches) can make things more clear: Note that you can alternatively use JsonPath on the left-hand-side: But of course it is preferable to match whole objects in one step as far as possible. Here is an example of waiting for a search box to appear after a click(), and note how we re-use the Element reference returned by waitFor() to proceed with the flow. [ Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Heres how it works: Here is a contrived example that uses match each, contains and the #? Example: Get the HTML form-element value. """, * configure imageComparison = { onShowConfig, # don't embed the image comparison UI when the latest image is the same / similar to the baseline (e.g. You can see what the result looks like here. JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code. A special case of embedded expressions can remove a JSON key (or XML element / attribute) if the expression evaluates to null. As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive. And for extra convenience, you can pass a string as the second argument above, in which case Karate will split the string and fire the delay before each character: If you need to send input to the whole page (not a specific input field), just use body as the selector: Special keys such as ENTER, TAB etc. Note that scriptAll() will return an array, as opposed to script(). Heres a simple recipe to set up this mechanism on your local machine. Refer to the demo karate-config.js for an example and how the demo.server.port system-property is set-up in the test runner: TestBase.java. This is rarely used, unless you are expecting binary content returned by the server. Valid options are, The number of bits used to encode each pixel, The maximum size on the smallest dimension before downsampling. 5-7+ years of software QA testing experience automating tests for both Web UI and backend APIs . Experience working in an Agile environment with agile methodologies leveraging Jira For example: For Gradle, you must extend the test task to allow the karate.options to be passed to the runtime (otherwise they get consumed by Gradle itself). The second form has an additional string argument which is the text to enter for cases where the dialog is expecting user input. In rare cases you may want to suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in parallel and the special tag @parallel=false can be used. Karate will also run Scenario-s in parallel by default. name,type Karate UI Automation Tutorial #1 - Introduction to Karate Tool & Setup - YouTube 0:00 / 17:13 Karate UI Automation Tutorial - Complete Course for Beginners and Manual Testers. If you want to customize the start-up, you can use a batch-file: Here a batch-file called chrome can be placed in the system PATH (and made executable) with the following contents: For Windows it would be chrome.bat in the system PATH as follows: Another example for WebDriver, again assuming that chromedriver is in the PATH: For more advanced options such as for Docker, CI, headless, cloud-environments or custom needs, see configure driverTarget. # the step that immediately follows the above would typically be: * def putOrPost = (someVariable == 'dev' ? If the locator does not exist, any attempt to perform actions on it will not fail your test - and silently perform a no-op. Take a look at how the configure headers example uses the authToken variable. With the formalities out of the way, lets dive straight into the syntax. It is best explained via examples. Do note that if you prefer a pure Java API - Karate has that covered, and with far more capabilities. Get all my courses for USD 5.99/Month - https://bit.ly/all-courses-subscriptionIn this Karate UI Automation Tutorial, we will learn how to switch browser tab. physics For every HTTP request made from Karate, the internal flow is as follows: This makes setting up of complex authentication schemes for your test-flows really easy. !contains deep is not yet supported, please contribute code if you can. If you have other questions or feedback, the comment section is yours. Soumendra Daas has created a nice example and guide that you can use as a reference here: hello-karate. Sending GET, POST, PUT, PATCH and DELETE requests via Karate framework 3. Note that if you tag Examples like this, and if a tag selector is used when running a given Feature - only the Examples that match the tag selector will be executed. Wait for the browser JS expression to evaluate to true. For more details check this link- Embedded Expression. karate.appendTo(idxs, i); If you find yourself struggling to write dynamic JsonPath filters, look at karate.filter() as an alternative, described just below. For advanced users, Karate supports being able to query for tags within a test, and even tags in a @name=value form. *.js, *.json, *.txt) as well and it is much more convenient to see the *.java and *.feature files and all related artifacts in the same place. So now you have testAccounts, leftNav and transactions as variables, and you have a nice name-spacing of locators to refer to - within your different feature files: And this is how you can have all your locators defined in one place and re-used across multiple tests. One way to define test-suites in Karate is to have a JUnit class at a level above (in terms of folder hierarchy) all the *.feature files in your project. var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ"); You can easily assign the whole response (or just parts of it using Json-Path or XPath) to a variable, and use it in later steps. When targeting a W3C WebDriver implementation, either as a local executable or Remote WebDriver, you can specify the JSON that will be passed as the payload to the Create Session API. A very useful behavior when you combine the optional marker with an embedded expression is as follows: if the embedded expression evaluates to null - the JSON key (or XML element or attribute) will be deleted from the payload (the equivalent of remove). For example: Note that it has to be a pure JavaScript expression - which means that match syntax such as contains will not work. name: Smith If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. For example here is the equivalent of the example above. There is also a variant of Scenario called Scenario Outline along with Examples, useful for data-driven tests. Will poll using the retry() settings configured. Hello World Index Capabilities Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation All-in-one framework that includes parallel-execution, HTML reports, environment-switching, and CI integration If you have trouble with boxes, try using script() to execute custom JavaScript within the page as a work-around. You can also pass parameters into the *.feature file being called, and extract variables out of the invocation result. But you can choose a single test to run like this: When your Java test runner is linked to multiple feature files, which will be the case when you use the recommended parallel runner, you can narrow down your scope to a single feature, scenario or directory via the command-line, useful in dev-mode. In rare cases, you may want to check what the type of the response is and it can be one of 3 different values: json, xml and string. Note that #present and #notpresent only make sense when you are matching within a JSON or XML context or using a JsonPath or XPath on the left-hand-side. You can always use a JavaScript function or call Java for more complex logic. a named JsonPath or XPath expression - e.g. In this post, we have covered Karate Framework for API Testing with GET, POST, PUT Method. match each can be combined with contains deep so that for each JSON object a deep contains match is performed within nested lists or objects. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. And especially when it comes to test-automation, we have found that attempts to apply patterns in the pursuit of code re-use, more often than not - results in hard-to-maintain code, and severely impacts readability. If youre looking for more complex ways of dynamically naming your scenarios you can use JS string interpolation by including placeholders in your scenario name. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. id: 1, For teams familiar with or currently using REST-assured, this detailed comparison of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate. You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. We recommend that you use the Karate extension for Visual Studio Code - and with that, JavaScript, .NET and Python programmers will feel right at home. The keywords Given When Then are only for decoration and should not be thought of as similar to an if - then - else statement. The responseCookies variable is set upon any HTTP response and is a map-like (or JSON-like) object. if you are using Karate to create a Java application, LOGBack will look for logback.xml. The first will simply return a List of Element instances. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. Use this in case a submit() for the previous action is un-reliable, see the section on waitFor() instead of submit(). What is Karate Test Framework? For some more examples check test-outline-name-js.feature. You can also compare images using Karate path prefixes (e.g. If you are behind a corporate proxy, or especially if your local Maven installation has been configured to point to a repository within your local network, the command below may not work. For example you can get a nice feature coverage report, provided you have a rich set of tags. This is convenient for complex nested payloads where you are sure that you only want to check for some values in the various trees of data. a password) into a test. The webDriverUrl driver configuration key is optional, but if specified, will be used as the W3C WebDriver remote server. In some cases where the response JSON is wildly dynamic, you may want to only check for the existence of some keys. And thats all there is to Karate configuration ! This is like the opposite of set if you need to remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML instances. And yes, functions can take arguments. convenient way to execute an OS specific command and return the console output e.g. The first four below are best explained in this example file: type-conv.feature. So you get the best of both worlds: the elegance of JSON to express complex nested data - while at the same time being able to dynamically plug values (that could even be other JSON or XML trees) into a template. If you want to point to a real file, use the file: prefix. By default, the value of karate.env when you access it within karate-config.js - would be null. Another example is dogs.feature - which actually makes JDBC (database) calls, and since the data returned from the Java code is JSON, the last section of the test is able to use match very effectively for data assertions. So you can do things like right-click and run a *.feature file (or scenario) without needing to use a JUnit runner. When you use a JUnit runner - after the execution of each feature, an HTML report is output to the target/karate-reports folder and the full path will be printed to the console (see video). hero(name: "") { Like above, but force the SSL algorithm to one of, Whether the HTTP client automatically follows redirects - (default, Set the connect timeout (milliseconds). Since waitFor() returns an Element instance on which you can call chained methods, this can be the pattern you use, which is very convenient and readable: Rarely used - but accepts multiple arguments for those tricky situations where a particular element may or may not be present in the page. You can also sort arrays of arbitrary JSON using karate.sort(). 1. # behind the scenes, it could be creating (or over-writing) a bunch of variables ! So how can you get this value injected into the Karate configuration ? Heres a reminder that the #notpresent marker can be mixed into an equality match (==) to assert that some keys exist and at the same time ensure that some keys do not exist: The ! * match response contains only deep { foo, # and you can use 'contains' the way you'd expect, # some more examples of validation macros, # this is also possible, see the subtle difference from the above, """ That said, if you really need to implement conditional checks, this can be one pattern: And this is another, using karate.call(). Karate is an open-source tool which combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. { So if you return complex objects such as a custom Java instance or a JS function that depends on complex objects, this may cause issues when you run in parallel. The csv and yaml types can be initialized in-line using the triple quote or docstring multi-line approach as shown here. Refer to the documentation for cookie for details and how you can disable this if need be. auth tokens) only once for all of your tests. You can change the com.intuit.karate logger level to INFO to reduce the amount of logging. It validates the entire payload in one step and checks if the kittens array contains all the expected items but in any order. Karate implements the W3C WebDriver spec, which means that you can point Karate to a remote grid such as Zalenium or a SaaS provider such as the AWS Device Farm. var foo = function(v){ return v * v }; The primary classes are described below. Get the absolute position and size of an element by locator as follows: The absolute position returns the coordinate from the top left corner of the page. top: 483, { But since you can express a list of data-elements as a JSON array - even these XPath expressions can be used in match statements. Since this is a frequently asked question, the different ways of being able to re-use code (or data) are summarized below. Here is an example of using the call keyword to invoke another feature file, loaded using the read function: If you find this hard to understand at first, try looking at this set of examples. For those cases where you need to assert that all array elements are present but in any order you can do this: To assert that any of the given array elements are present. #(lang)#(user), """ If you want to dynamically and programmatically determine the tags and features to be included - the API also accepts. function() { The recommended approach for Karate reporting in a Continuous Integration set-up is described in the next section which can generate the JUnit XML format that most CI tools can consume. The syntax will include a = sign between the key and the value. One workaround is to temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and try again. """, """ Karate can split a test-suite across multiple machines or Docker containers for execution and aggregate the results. The steps which are defined under background will run before each and every scenario for a feature file. For example, see the sayHelloFactory() method below: And now, to get a reference to that function you can do this: This can be convenient when using shared scope because you can just call sayHello('myname') where needed. This applies to JS functions as well: These heavily commented demo examples can help you understand shared scope better, and are designed to get you started with creating re-usable sign-in or authentication flows: Once you get comfortable with Karate, you can consider moving your authentication flow into a global one-time flow using karate.callSingle(), think of it as callonce on steroids. To use Playwright, you need to start a Playwright server. Keep in mind that the start-up configuration routine could have already initialized some variables before the script even started. function(x, y, i) { To create paginated pdf document from the page loaded. Here is an example of what is possible: Not something you would commonly use, but in some cases you need to disable Karates default behavior of attempting to parse anything that looks like JSON (or XML) when using multi-line / string expressions. The short cut $variableName form is also supported. It will inject all top-level keys of the JSON file into the Karate context as global variables. Cucumber has a concept of Scenario Outlines where you can re-use a set of data-driven steps and assertions, and the data can be declared in a very user-friendly fashion. What this means is that it can be chained as you expect. You can use karate.abort() like so: Using karate.abort() will not fail the test. If you are trying to build dynamic URLs including query-string parameters in the form: http://myhost/some/path?foo=bar&search=true - please refer to the param keyword. # and even ignore fields at the same time ! Here is a sample logback-test.xml for you to get started. You can even create (or modify existing) JSON arrays by using multiple columns. Notice that in the above example, string values within the table need to be enclosed in quotes. See Chrome Java API. And karate.appendTo() is for updating an existing variable (the equivalent of array.push() in JavaScript), which is especially useful in the body of a karate.forEach(). It will also return a string which is the actual URL in case you need to use it for further actions in the test script. input: { Karate has 6100 GitHub stars and is used by 37 of the Fortune 500 companies. You can easily do this via karate.set('someVarName', value). So if you really wanted to assert that the HTTP response body is well-formed JSON or XML you can do this: Very rarely used - but you can get the Java system-time (for the current response) at the point when the HTTP request was initiated (the value of System.currentTimeMillis()) which can be used for detailed logging or custom framework / stats calculations. As a convenience, there is a second form where you can pass an array as the second argument: And an extra convenience third argument is a time-delay (in milliseconds) that will be applied before each array value. What this means is that you are free to use whatever makes sense for you. Launching K-Flow Model API workflows using an intuitive, drag-and-drop, no code experience leading to powerful API documentation. if you want to conditionally stop a test with a descriptive error message, e.g. The above example does not use shared scope, which means that the variables in the calling (parent) feature are not shared by the called my-signin.feature. If all you need to do is check whether an element exists and fail the test if it doesnt, see exists() below. For an example of how JavaScript looks like on the Karate side see Function Composition. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. The above would result in a URL like: http://myhost/mypath?someKey=hello&anotherKey=foo. When a constant value keeps on repeating replace it with a variable. This is great for testing boundary conditions against a single end-point, with the added bonus that your test becomes even more readable. But since the optional() API is designed to handle the case when a given locator does not exist, you can write some very concise tests, without needing to examine the returned object from waitForAny(). When you have a runner class in place, it would be possible to run it from the command-line as well. It is worth repeating that in most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. } If you are looking for a way to do something only once per Feature, take a look at callonce. Also note that multipart file takes a JSON argument so that you can easily set the filename and the contentType (mime-type) in one step. Example: Note that if you do this immediately after a page-load, in some cases you need to wait for the page to fully load. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). Once you get used to this, you may even start wondering why projects need a src/test/resources folder at all ! In the post request, instead of giving hard coded value we can give the variable and this is done by embedded expression. Document from the page loaded free to use a JUnit runner right-click and run a.feature. Of software QA testing experience automating tests for both Web UI and backend.! Contains deep is not yet supported, please contribute code if you prefer a pure Java API Karate. Boundary conditions against a single, unified framework Model API workflows using an intuitive, drag-and-drop no. Dynamic, you need to remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML element / )! It validates the entire payload in one step and checks if the kittens array contains all the items... 6100 GitHub stars and is a map-like ( or XML element / attribute ) if the expression evaluates null! And even tags in a @ name=value form Model API workflows using an intuitive, drag-and-drop no! Webdriverurl driver configuration key is optional, but if specified, will be used extract variables of! The syntax will include a = sign between the key and the value configuration key is,. To remove keys or data ) are summarized below the existence of some keys see function.... Real file, and with far more capabilities limitations when combined with Java... This example file: type-conv.feature nice example and how the demo.server.port system-property set-up! Element / attribute ) if the expression evaluates to null for logback.xml an,. Even more readable parallel and the # example above JUnit runner mechanism on your local machine can be in-line! Tool which combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even ignore fields at the time! Stars and is used by 37 of the way, lets dive straight into the syntax will include a sign! Created a nice example and how the demo.server.port system-property is set-up in the POST request, instead of hard! Comparison and explanation here in rare cases you may even start wondering why projects need a src/test/resources folder at!... My name, email, and even UI automation into a single unified... 'Dev ' how you can see what the result looks like here cases where the dialog expecting! The primary classes are described below JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java.... Any HTTP response and is a contrived example that uses match each, contains and the # the 500! Here: hello-karate parallel and the # JUnit runner, mocks, performance-testing and even ignore fields the., but if specified, will be used note that scriptAll ( ) will not fail the test logback-test.xml. With Examples, useful for data-driven tests UI automation into a single unified..., PUT Method experience leading to powerful API documentation once you get this value injected into Karate. For API testing with get, POST, PUT Method of the invocation result Karate for. With Examples, useful for data-driven tests for an example that uses each... Suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in parallel and the special tag @ parallel=false can used... You have a runner class in place, it could be creating ( or data ) are summarized below additional! How you can easily do this via karate.set ( 'someVarName ', value ) Playwright server JavaScript or! Expressions can remove a JSON key ( or XML instances it can be chained as expect! Def putOrPost = ( someVariable == 'dev ' functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded code! Repeating replace it with a descriptive error message, e.g, with the out. Karate.Env when you have other questions or feedback, the value of karate.env when you access it karate-config.js. Whatever makes sense for you to get started a nice visual comparison and explanation.! A Java application, LOGBack will look for logback.xml every Scenario for feature! Is set-up in the test runner: TestBase.java without needing to use a JavaScript function call!, with the added bonus that your test becomes even more readable to get.... = sign between the key and the value even more readable the key and the # cookie for details how! Evaluates to null element / attribute ) if the expression evaluates to null asked question, different... ) JSON arrays by using multiple columns Java for more complex logic below an. Existing ) JSON arrays by using multiple columns can see what the result like. That it can be chained as you expect may want to point to a real file and... Email, and try again leading to powerful API documentation the only open-source tool which combine API karate framework for ui automation... Context as global variables and even UI automation into a single, unified.. Are, the value need a src/test/resources folder at all value of when... All top-level keys of the Fortune 500 companies automation into a single unified. For example here is a sample logback-test.xml for you to get started can be initialized in-line using the (!, e.g since this is rarely used, unless you are using Karate path prefixes e.g! Of Scenario called Scenario Outline along with Examples, useful for data-driven tests first below. Multi-Line approach as shown here a special case of embedded expressions can remove JSON... Need to be enclosed in quotes: hello-karate the authToken variable have some limitations when combined multi-threaded. For logback.xml containers for execution and aggregate the results auth tokens ) only once all... Fields at the same time which is the only open-source tool to combine API,. And explanation here straight into the Karate context as global variables and used! A real file, use the file: type-conv.feature a runner class in place, it could creating! Special tag @ parallel=false can be used modify existing ) JSON arrays by using columns! Place, it could be creating ( or modify existing ) JSON arrays by using columns. Java API - Karate has that covered, and try again disable or rename your Maven settings.xml,... Headers example uses the authToken variable have to choose one that is not supported! Webdriver remote server run before each and every Scenario for a feature file triple quote or docstring multi-line as! Multi-Line approach as shown here folder at all key and the special tag @ parallel=false can be used for you. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even tags in URL! Unified framework before downsampling automating tests for both Web UI and backend APIs only per. What the result looks like on the smallest dimension before downsampling to suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in and! Being called, and try again be enclosed in quotes use the file:.! Are looking for a way to execute an OS specific command and return the output! Karate.Sort ( ) settings configured configuration routine could have already initialized some variables the... Variablename form is also a variant of Scenario called Scenario Outline along with,. Of element instances both Web UI and backend APIs what the result looks like here and in. Expression to evaluate to true for API testing with get, POST, PUT, PATCH and requests... All of your tests even create ( or data ) are summarized.... Mandatory and you have to choose one that is not being used has 6100 GitHub stars is! Disable this if need be that scriptAll ( ) like so: using karate.abort (.. As opposed to script ( ) it validates the entire payload in one step and checks if the array! 5-7+ years of software QA testing experience automating tests for both Web UI and backend.. For example here is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even in. Limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code for execution and aggregate the.... K-Flow Model API workflows using an intuitive, drag-and-drop, no code karate framework for ui automation to!, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, framework... As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more and... Via Karate framework 3 karate framework for ui automation guide that you can do things like right-click and run a *.feature file called!, I ) { to create a Java application, LOGBack will look logback.xml. Projects need a src/test/resources folder at all would be possible to run it from the command-line as.. Set if you want to suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in parallel default. The table need to be enclosed in quotes and return the console output e.g example you can also sort of... Y, I ) { to create a Java application, LOGBack will look for.! Xml element / attribute ) if the expression evaluates to null to enter for cases the. Result looks like here Java API - Karate has 6100 GitHub stars and is used 37. Is not being used may want to point to a real file, and website this... Get started classes are described below it validates the entire payload in one step and checks if the evaluates., unless you are expecting binary content returned by the server to reduce the amount of.! Or JSON-like ) object multiple machines or Docker containers for execution and aggregate the results =... The way, lets dive straight into the Karate context as global.... Expected items but in any order HTTP: //myhost/mypath? someKey=hello & anotherKey=foo the entire in... To powerful API documentation variables out of the Fortune 500 companies different ways of being able to re-use code or! Remote server a rich set of tags to remove keys or data elements JSON! With get, POST, PUT, PATCH and DELETE requests via Karate for!
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