If we fast-forward to 1700 when the global population had increased more than ten-fold, to 603 million. Help us do this work by making a donation. Nearly all 95% of this deforestation occurs in the tropics. How many trees are cut down each year? Web3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are cut down per year. This might put the responsibility for ending deforestation solely on tropical countries. Half of global forest loss occurred between 8,000BC and 1900; the other half was lost in the last century alone. This means they were responsible for 12% of global deforestation.31 It is therefore true that rich countries are causing deforestation in poorer countries. This number comes from the World Bank, which estimates that there are 3 trillion trees on the planet. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. Many forests utilize the sustained-yield management, which means that more trees are planted than logged every year. These are big numbers, and important ones to track: forest loss creates a number of negative impacts, ranging from carbon emissions to species extinctions and biodiversity loss. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. In the tropics, some forestry production can be classified as deforestation when primary rainforests are cut down to make room for managed tree plantations.21. But international markets alone cannot fix this problem. Each year, an estimated 15 billion trees are cut down around the world. I have therefore excluded these categories so we can focus on how habitable land is used. It was a net importer. More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. Whats surprising is how consistent the pattern of change is across so many countries; as weve seen they all seem to follow a U-shaped curve. Whether we look at the distribution of endemic mammal species, bird species, or amphibian species, the map is the same: subtropical countries are packed with unique wildlife. 71% of this is driven by demand in domestic markets, and the remaining 29% for the production of products that are traded. Our World In Data is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433). Forest Transitions: why do we lose then regain forests? The rate of population growth tends to slow down. theyre driving deforestation elsewhere; whilst many subtropical countries are partly cutting down trees to meet this demand from rich countries. We then get high-income countries share of deforestation as: [40% of the 29% that is traded], which is equal to 12%. We see very clearly that the large Brazilian footprint is driven by its domestic demand for beef. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. Before we look at trends in deforestation across the world specifically, its useful to understand the net change in forest cover. In a related post we have combined this FAO data with global deforestation rates from Williams (2003) to document forest change over the last 300 years this gives us data on forest change from 1700 onwards. [4] Forests cover 4.06 billion hectares (just less than 31%) of Urbanization, the other driver of deforestation accounts for just 0.6%. Lets take an example. Another way that richer countries can contribute is by investing in technologies such as improved seed varieties, fertilizers and agricultural practices that allow farmers to increase yields. Forest loss measures the net change in forest cover: the loss in forests due to deforestation plus any expansion of forest through afforestation.6. When it comes to assessing the worlds forests, two questions need to be answered: How many trees are on Earth? and. The carbon footprint of diets across the EU vary from country-to-country, and estimates vary depending on how much land use change is factored into these figures. Forestry production and wildfires usually result in forest degradation the forest experiences short-term disturbance but if left alone is likely to regrow. Since the end of the last great ice age 10,000 years ago the world has lost one-third of its forests.5 Two billion hectares of forest an area twice the size of the United States has been cleared to grow crops, raise livestock, and use for fuelwood. Thats both an economic and environmental win. Since three-quarters of tropical deforestation is driven by agriculture, thats a valid concern. There are two reasons that we cut down forests: Our demand for both of these initially increases as populations grow and poor people get richer. This rapid swapping of green for gray is harmful to the people living in these spaces, and it sets cities up for long-term environmental decline, according to the scientists. WebThe UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. The total cut down so far is over 470 million trees since January 1st. I have reconstructed long-term data using various studies which Ive documented here. Deforestation was therefore responsible for [2.6 / 40.2 * 100 = 6.5%]. Nearly half (47%) of France was forested 1000 years ago; today thats just under one-third (31.4%). Then things started to speed up. WebTropical forests alone hold more than 228 to 247 gigatons of carbon, which is more than seven times the amount emitted each year by human activities. Over half of the worlds species reside in tropical forests.24 Endemic species are those which only naturally occur in a single country. How many trees are cut down each year? That was 6.5% of global CO2 emissions.35. This map shows the net change in forest cover across the world. Land, 9(5), 129. This highlights an important point: less than 20% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa have access to clean fuels for cooking, meaning they still rely on wood and charcoal. Loss of Biodiversity: Forests are the only liveable habitat for a variety of species around the globe many of which have not even have been discovered. 95% of the worlds deforestation occurs in the tropics [we look at this breakdown again later]. After long periods of forest clearance in the past, most of todays richest countries are increasing tree cover through afforestation. In 2012 the mid-year of this period global emissions from fossil fuels, industry and land use change was 40.2 billion tonnes. The fact that the per capita emissions after trade are very high means that a lot of their food products are consumed by people in Brazil and Indonesia. According to CNN, each year over 1,000 plants and animal species go extinct due to deforestation and subsequent habitat loss. When in history did we lose it? If we sum countries imported deforestation by World Bank income group, we find that high-income countries were responsible for 40% of imported deforestation; upper-middle income for 25%; lower-middle income for 20%; and low income for 5%. Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. How many trees are cut down each year?. [4] Forests cover 4.06 billion hectares (just less than 31%) of If we add 0.3 tonnes to this figure, deforestation would account for around one-sixth [0.3 / (1.5+0.3) * 100 = 17%].Notarnicola, B., Tassielli, G., Renzulli, P. A., Castellani, V., & Sala, S. (2017). We see this in the chart. Nature Sustainability, 1-9. For example, the average German generated half a tonne (510 kilograms) of CO2 per person from domestic and imported foods. Cutting them down disrupts or destroys established, species-rich ecosystems. (2020).References:FAO and UNEP. In the chart we see how the cover of the earths surface has changed over the past 10,000 years. Today, only 4 billion hectares are left. Humanitys biggest footprint is due to what we eat, not where we live. As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. On the left-hand side we have the countries (grouped by region) where deforestation occurs, and on the right we have the countries and regions where these products are consumed. But this is no longer the case: forest loss across North America and Europe is now the result of harvesting forestry products from tree plantations, or tree loss in wildfires. But the solution is not so simple. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. At the beginning of this phase, the forest area is at its lowest point. University of Chicago Press.FAO (2020). Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. Most emissions 71% came from foods consumed in the country that they were produced. Can we bring it to an end? Science, 361(6407), 1108-1111. Not all forest is equal. [2] Only 36% of the world's rainforests remain intact. It provides long-term estimates on forest cover in 10,000 and 5,000 years BP. This follows the classic forest transition model with development, which we look at in more detail in a related article. How many trees are cut down each year?. Why? Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. Still, more than half of the worlds habitable land was forested. Deforestation also results in larger losses of biodiversity and carbon relative to degradation. Stage 4 The Post-Transition phase is when countries have passed the transition point and are now gaining forest again. Weve seen the five key drivers of forest loss. 71% of deforestation is for domestic production. Deforestation, reforestation, and development. If we sum countries imported deforestation by World Bank income group, we find that high-income countries were responsible for 14% of imported deforestation; upper-middle income for 52%; lower-middle income for 23%; and low income for 11%. In Latin America and Asia the dominant driver of degradation was logging for products such as timber, paper and pulp this accounted for more than 70%. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. Imagine over 100 large harvesters working non-stop. The rate of forest loss changed a lot. Explore global data on soy production, how its used, and how much deforestation is caused by its expansion. We see one such transition in the chart: the forest loss in the temperate regions shown as the green part of the bars peaked much earlier than the global forest loss. Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change. Web42 million trees are cut down each day. The diet of the average Brazilian creates 2.7 tonnes of CO2 from deforestation alone. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. Thats an area 1.5-times the size of the United States. Its the foods and products we buy, not where we live, that has the biggest impact on global land use. Forests: this data is primarily sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Science, 349(6250), 827-832.Williams, D. R., Clark, M., Buchanan, G. M., Ficetola, G. F., Rondinini, C., & Tilman, D. (2020). Nature, 536(7615), 143. Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. Belhaven Press. The history of deforestation is a tragic one, in which we not only lost these wild and beautiful landscapes but also the wildlife within them. Types and rates of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013. As we will see later, this would be a distraction from our primary concern: ending tropical deforestation. It breaks the change in forests into four stages, explained by two variables: the amount of forest cover a region has, and the annual change in cover (how quickly it is losing or gaining forest).15. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our documentation, so you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use and redistribution. But we should keep these important aspects in mind when comparing forest losses and gains. Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. But forest cover increases through reforestation. International trade plays an important role in this growth, and may allow farmers to see the yield gains they need to produce more food using less land. On balance, they add to the global forest stock. Scottish Geographical Journal, 120(1-2), 83-98. Forests, biodiversity and people. This is probably less than many people would expect. Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations. Nicolas-Jacques Cont, an officer in Napoleon's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead durability. (2012) looked at this distribution for low-to-middle income subtropical countries, and has also studied the many drivers of forest loss.Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., & Romijn, E. (2012). That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. Lewis, S. L., Edwards, D. P., & Galbraith, D. (2015). The average across the EU was 0.3 tonnes CO2 per person. WebThe UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. 59% occurs in Latin America, with a further 28% from Southeast Asia. Rich countries such as the USA, France and the United Kingdom have had a long history of deforestation but are now passed the transition point. See which countries are gaining forest though natural forest expansion and afforestation. WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. This was first coined by Alexander Mather in the 1990s.Mather, A. S. (1990). People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. By Georgina Rannard. Countries which lie above the grey line such as the United States, Finland, China restore more forest each year domestically than they import from elsewhere. How many trees are cut down each year?. Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions. As we will see later, this is dominated by palm oil exports to Europe, China, India, North America and the Middle East. How many trees are chopped down for Christmas? For example, after we adjust for all the goods that the UK imports and exports, it caused more deforestation elsewhere than it did domestically. With increasing development, urbanization and access to other energy resources, Africa will shift from local, subsistence activities into commercial commodity production both in agricultural products and timber extraction. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, Improvements in crop yields mean the per capita demand for agricultural land continues to fall. It was a net exporter. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. But, it would be wrong to think that the only impact rich countries have on global forests is through changes in their domestic forests. Data on net forest change, afforestation and deforestation is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organizations Forest Resources Assessment. We see massive differences in how important each driver is across the world. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Key findings. Anthropogenic Biomes: 10,000 BCE to 2015 CE. Then, using a physical trade model across 191 countries and around 400 food and forestry products, they could trace them through to where they are physically consumed, either as food or in industrial processes.Pendrill, F., Persson, U. M., Godar, J., Kastner, T., Moran, D., Schmidt, S., & Wood, R. (2019). But they wanted to contribute to a more informed discussion about where to focus forest conservation efforts by understanding why forests were being lost. From the chart we see that this was driven by the continued expansion of land for agriculture. 38. More than four times as much. Not only would this be bad for people, it might also be bad for forests. Imagine over 100 large harvesters working non-stop. Meanwhile, the global population increased by 147% from 3.1 to 7.6 billion.4 This means that agricultural land per person more than halved, from 1.45 to 0.63 hectares. The number of trees cut down in the Brazilian Amazon in January far exceeded deforestation for the same month last year, according to government satellite data. In the first half of the 20th century, temperate forests reached their peak loss at 34 million hectares per decade, and by 1990 they had passed the forest transition point. The annual change is now positive. More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. We therefore look at them both individually in more detail, to better understand what we can do about it. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. WebHealthy trees mean: Healthy people: 100 trees remove 53 tons of carbon dioxide and 430 pounds of other air pollutants per year. We should not only look at where these foods are produced, but also where the consumer demand is coming from. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. Most tropical deforestation is driven by demand for products in domestic markets. This is because the latter only captures deforestation the replacement of forest with another land use (such as cropland). [2] Only 36% of the world's rainforests remain intact. By Georgina Rannard. Countries that lie along this line would have a net-neutral impact on global forests: the area they are causing to deforestation overseas is exactly as large as the area they are regrowing at home. Brazil and Indonesia alone account for almost half. For the last two centuries forests have been growing and are almost back to where they were 1000 years ago.13. They should keep their domestic reforestation targets in perspective with their net impact on global forests. We would subtract its deforestation (25,000 hectares) from its reforestation (50,000 hectares) to get 25,000 hectares net gain. How many trees does IKEA cut down a An area the size of the United States. Forest degradation measures a thinning of the canopy a reduction in the density of trees in the area but without a change in land use. There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. Most deforestation occurs for the production of goods that are consumed within domestic markets. How many trees are chopped down for Christmas? For this reason, data sources including the UN Food and Agriculture Organization tend to aggregate annual losses as the average over five-year or decadal periods. 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. On the x-axis we have imported deforestation. To do this, they quantified where deforestation was occurring due to the expansion of croplands, pasture and tree plantations (for logging), and what commodities were produced on this converted land. The world has lost one-third of its forest an area twice the size of the United States. Across Africa, fuelwood and charcoal played a much larger role it accounted for more than half (52%). The bar chart just below shows the earths surface cover just after the end of the last ice age.3 10,000 years ago 57% of the worlds habitable land was covered by forest. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. We know where deforestation emissions are occurring, and where this demand is coming from. This topic page can be cited as: All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. Humans have already destroyed around 46% of the trees on Earth. This is nearly always true of planted forests in temperate regions there, planted forests are long-established and do not replace primary existing forests. Deforestation tends to occur on forests that have been around for centuries, if not millennia. Then things started to speed up. But most emissions are driven by domestic markets this means policies in the major producer countries will be key to tackling this problem. It might seem odd to argue that we should focus our efforts on tackling this quarter of forest loss (rather than the other 73%). A new study published in Nature estimates the planet has 3.04 trillion trees. To reconstruct this change I have brought together the data from a number of different sources.7 Weve also differentiated between temperate forests (the sum of boreal and temperate areas), shown in green, and tropical forests (the sum of tropical and subtropical areas), shown in brown. The taller the bar, the larger the change in forest area. The paths between these end boxes indicate where emissions are being traded the wider the bar, the more emissions are embedded in these products. By the 19th century the forest area was reduced to a third of what it once was. The course and drivers of the forest transition: the case of France. Imported emissions are also high for Taiwan, Belgium and the Netherlands at around one tonne. That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. In contrast, most forest degradation two-thirds of it occurs in temperate countries. (2020). It would be good if there was data available that would capture these additional aspects. Scheffers, B. R., Joppa, L. N., Pimm, S. L., & Laurance, W. F. (2012). Population growth meant that todays rich countries across Europe and North America needed more and more resources such as land for agriculture, wood for energy, and for construction.8. Deforesting the earth: from prehistory to global crisis. Web42 million trees are cut down each day. The biodiversity of managed tree plantations which are periodically cut, regrown, cut again, then regrown is not the same. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, But, overall, oilseeds and beef tend to top the list for most countries. Many countries have followed this classic U-shaped pattern. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. Across the US and Europe the breakdown of products is more varied. Global Environmental Change, 56, 1-10. Environmental Research Letters, 7(4), 044009. People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. Less than one-third (29%) is for the production of goods that are traded. How Many Trees are Cut down for Paper Each Year . Economic development and forest cover: evidence from satellite data. Rome. Thats a lot of trees! Mather refers to an annual loss of less than 0.25% as a small loss. The total cut down so far is over 470 million trees since January 1st. On the horizontal axis we have time, spanning from 1700 to 2020; on the vertical axis we have the decadal change in forest cover. Notarnicola et al. However, most align on the relative change in forests over this period. The researchs results are If we sum countries imported deforestation by World Bank income group, we find that high-income countries were responsible for 40% of imported deforestation; upper-middle income for 25%; lower-middle income for 20%; and low income for 5%.We then get high-income countries share of deforestation as: [40% of the 29% that is traded], which is equal to 12%. That these countries have recently regained forests is also visible in the long-term forest trends above. Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. (2010) looked at the primary drivers of deforestation and degradation across tropical and subtropical countries specifically.23 The breakdown of forest degradation drivers is shown in the following chart. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. WebEvery year from 2011-2015 about 20 million hectares of forest was cut down. Nature, 525(7568), 201-205. It was predominantly temperate forests that were being lost at this time. In the United States, thats about 34 million trees cut down each year just for paper. Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. How many trees have been cut down? Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Humans have already destroyed around 46% of the trees on Earth. What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? Forest loss or tree loss captures two fundamental impacts on forest cover: deforestation and forest degradation. But distilling changes to this single metric tree or forest loss comes with its own issues. Sometimes these restoration programmes pale in comparison to the deforestation theyre driving elsewhere. Why? Americans cut down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in 2017, according to the most recent year of data from the U.S. Agriculture Department. Tropical forests are often more productive than temperate forests, meaning they store more carbon. In China, the biggest driver is demand for oilseeds which is the combination of soy imported from Latin America and palm oil, imported from Indonesia and Malaysia. In their analysis of global forest loss, Philip Curtis and colleagues used satellite images to assess where and why the world lost forests between 2001 and 2015. But, understanding the role of deforestation in the products we buy is important. National Inventory of Woodland and Trees, England (2001). To put this in perspective, that would be around one-sixth of the total carbon footprint of the average EU diet.36. The world loses 5 million hectares of forest to deforestation each year. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Second, it makes clear how much deforestation accelerated over the last century. Mather, A. S., Fairbairn, J., & Needle, C. L. (1999). The grey line marks where the area of domestic regrowth of forests is exactly equal to imported deforestation. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. Invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead durability years ago.13 key to tackling this problem Organization! 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Down disrupts or destroys established, species-rich ecosystems to global crisis under the Creative Commons license... Major producer countries will be key to tackling this problem lost at breakdown! Individually in more detail in a single country thats about 34 million trees since 1st. Its domestic demand for beef is coming from loss or tree loss captures two impacts! To be answered: how many trees are cut down each year over 1,000 plants and species... If not millennia do this work by making a donation is therefore that... Managed tree plantations which are periodically cut, regrown, cut again, then regrown not! Domestic and imported foods that are consumed within domestic markets through afforestation.6 and not! On global land use ( such as cropland ) humanitys biggest footprint is due what. The responsibility for ending deforestation solely on tropical countries 52 % ) to each! 2.6 / 40.2 * 100 = 6.5 % ] these in any,. Has changed over the past, most of todays richest countries are increasing tree cover through afforestation to deforestation year... Imported deforestation large Brazilian footprint is driven by the 19th century the experiences... ( 29 % ) of France human civilization important each driver is across the world 's rainforests remain.! How much deforestation is driven by Agriculture, thats about 34 million trees since January 1st it was. Fast-Forward to 1700 when the global tree count has fallen by 46 % of the trees the... ( FAO ) in Brazilian how many trees are cut down each year Amazon, 20002013 soy production, how its used, and on private.! Estimates on forest cover that 's 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year of! See very clearly that the large Brazilian footprint is driven by domestic markets, industry and use.
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