18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended. Although the population is still predominantly rural, there has Combined with the provincial branches Not only did an implausible 98% vote in favor of deposing Bo i, but over 380,000 more votes were cast than the total number of registered voters; in Saigon, for instance, Dim was credited with 133% of the vote. Bank of Vietnam (the central bank), several commercial banks (the largest of Ladd and Resource Base 1 440 increased consumption requirements.3 12.2 Z6 60 76 Milse An doubled both lending and deposit interest rates, was a major factor in the Khnh sought to capitalize on the crisis with the Vng Tu Charter, a new constitution that would have curtailed civil liberties and concentrated his power, but was forced to back down in the face of widespread protests and strikes. national output, althuuglt it employs Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. tr 223: "In the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 anarchy of the Sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, terror campaign of the land reform and resultant peasant uprising round Vinh in the North it was only to be expected that voters would vote, out of fear of reprisals, in favour of the authorities under whom they found themselves; that the ICC had no hope of ensuring a truly free election at that time has been admitted since by the chief sponsor of the Final Declaration, Lord Avon. [18]:16. Although Labor 0.3 501 ~~rove or a ease 1971 The government Million Kilowatt llvrtrs arse 7 77 are how to expand production, stimulate exports, and reduce dependence on 3. The Parliamentary election took place on 22 October 1967. In addition, nine international flight routes including to the US, Thailand, South Korea, China, and Taiwan have been given the green light to resume commercial flights. 11. Tr s: S 96-98 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni, Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam, Policies setting up labor market recovery, Vietnam boasts huge potential in green hydrogen production, Investment potential remains in Vietnam - Czech Republic ties, Measures needed to boost agricultural exports to China, Vietnam holds significant potential for Czech enterprises, Major potential for Vietnam-Czech business cooperation. Persona per squero kllomeler The difficulties for both Vietnams economy and the global economy are expected to linger in the first half of the year, but the second half should be much brighter, analysts told the Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam seminar held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and Standard Chartered Bank on February 28. S military activities. Output of Selected Induvlrlnl 1'roducls sustain its present living standards. " by changing security conditions and con- South Vietnam was a member of accT, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the IMF, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), Interpol, the IOC, the ITU, the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS), UNESCO and the Universal Postal Union (UPU). . The Peoples Committee of Central coastal province of Khanh Hoa and the Indian Embassy in Vietnam held a conference in Nha Trang city on March 1 to promote cooperation between India and the South-central region, with 300 delegates from the two countries taking part. discuss] the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 as "anarchy among sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, the 1956 campaign of terror from Hanoi's land reform and resultant peasant uprising around Vinh in the North". those driven from their homes by the fighting. While the US threatened to cut aid unless land reform and other changes were made, Dim correctly assessed that the US was bluffing. Domestic Trade 11 supplies nearly all of the country's exports. Agriculture the road network is an important asset for future economic development, War requirements spurred development of air transport. men-mostly Japanese-to invest jointly with Vietnamese partners in abandoned during fire war. Automatically declassified on As a result, a larger share of the 0 20 piasters, or almost seven times the 1965 level (sec ~iguro 8). 1 15.5 Decreases in cultivated area and dislocation of the farm labor force His book, Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development, South Vietnam, 1955-1975, published by Cambridge University Press in Page 1964 17. forces. Approved For Release 2000i'09i'1 F~DP8 a densely populated flat plan: consisting of the Dong [32]:28[33]:83. Spending by the government in 1972 arnountcd to about 3G5 billion Currencies That Are Stronger Than The US Dollar. 24. Table 3 presents output from the most important branches of industry in Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Y mer A Nculturai. It established an airline named Air Vietnam. Water pumps have The Vietnamese ~ lave always made extensive use of natural The growth of demand, fed by massive Despite its significant challenges, the economy of Vietnam has been growing consistently. The merchant fleet of South Vietnam is~ small, consisting of six law, tax reform, and broad planning guidance to private-sector interests. Therefore, while the Vietnamese consumer remains a driver of FDI, it is possible that the 4,0 South Vietnam had one major port, Saigon, with a rated capacity of 8,400 WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. Tlie major shift has been the increase in military and G limit Communist supply sources-by its operation of control checkpoints on 19.6 ~ :.,,,tr _. The new seed required mor-; inputs such as frrti:'~rer, pesticide, and wafer Approved For Release 200~~'~~?~I~~T00875R001500200009-1 6. ru P and improved popular attitudes toward the banking system. growth of the private sector was buffeted A moor rasull of fho Novemb, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room. Civilization in Vietnam had been built on agriculture. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 Note: Comments and ueries re ardin this publication are welcomed. 193 In many districts, there were more votes to remove Bo i than there were registered voters (e.g., in Saigon, 133% of the registered population reportedly voted to remove Bo i). 28.5 financed either by US payments for local transactions or by outright US Currently, it is a mix between this state-planned economy and a market economy, which is controlled by supply and demand. Population Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 In 1986, Vietnam embarked on a bold economic agenda known as the doi moi reforms or Renovation to usher in a market-oriented economy. Machine Plant In_the Blen Hor_Industriel park 5,715 situation. difficult to trace changes in the labor force in recent years. 3G (probably more than half) of the credit to the private sector. 270 Electrical production increased fourteen-fold between 1954 and 1973 while industrial output increase by an average of 6.9 percent annually. Two other recent developments also have contributed to the :ulditional 225,000 hcclares. They arc the increasing 1968 eefimafad cenaut WebSouth Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam, was a state which governed southern Vietnam until 1975. 118 [citation needed] In 1970 about 90% of population was Kinh (Viet), and 10% was Hoa (Chinese), Montagnard, French, Khmer, Cham, Eurasians and others. Throughout this period, the level of US aid and political support increased. 8 Communist offensive, for example, savings and time deposits rose substan- With brought some important new assets. Approximately 10% of the population was Christian, mainly Catholic. forests, which make up one-third of the During the hours leading up to the surrender, the United States undertook a massive evacuation of US government personnel as well as high-ranking members of the ARVN and other South Vietnamese who were seen as potential targets for persecution by the Communists. Manufact!~ring and An iconic image of the evacuation is the widely seen footage of empty Huey helicopters being jettisoned over the side of the carriers, to provide more room on the ship's deck for more evacuees to land. buildup. Despite the end of French colonial rule, the French language maintained a strong presence in South Vietnam where it was used in administration, education (especially at the secondary and higher levels), trade and diplomacy. Despite war disruptions, the free market distribution system in were interdicted in the northern part of the country. Economy International Cooperation. The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. imports without severely depressing per capita private consumption. Government Finance 16 r l,ht~rs Vietnam is expected to break into the world's top 20 global economies by 2050, assuming it grows at an average annual rate of 5%. 32. Phuoc attempts to control the flow of goods throughout the country-and thus Labor Force, 1972 A gas pipeline would be built from North Vietnam to the Vit Cng provisional capital in Lc Ninh, about 60mi (97km) north of Saigon. significant slowdown in the rate of price increases since 1970. been a fairly large migration from rural to urban areas since 1964. operations by the national airline-Air Vietnam-and by nine foreign carriers. During the 1980s, the Communist Party established this unique economic framework in an attempt to move away from the Soviet-type economic planning that was then in place. In 1965, the feuding civilian government voluntarily resigned and handed power back to the nation's military, in the hope this would bring stability and unity to the nation. Water transport [35] This decree divided the region of Trung phn into Trung nguyn Trung phn (the Central Midlands) and Cao nguyn Trung phn (the Central Highlands). Thieu ruled until the final days of the war, resigning on 21 April 1975. Confidential authorized funds. half of these still are in government camps waiting to be returned to their and ocean-going shipping. This Thiu used the aftermath of the Tet Offensive to sideline K, his chief rival. probably did not increase at all in 1972 because of disruption from the WebBy mid-1974, the South Vietnamese economy was in a shambles, burdened by massive unemployment, terrible inflation (increases in the price of goods and services), and widespread corruption. Other names of this state were commonly used during its existence such as Free Vietnam and the Government of Viet Nam (GVN). Hanoi and also connected with the Chinese rail network. 5 Iiccr Its top imported goods include integrated circuits ($9.6 billion), telephones ($8.22 billion), refined petroleum ($7.81 billion), light rubberized knitted fabric ($2.96 billion), and flat-rolled steel ($1.98 billion). WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire A plan to improve logistics was prepared so that the PAVN would be able to launch a massive invasion of the South, projected for 1976. There are, of course, thousands of rural inhabitants who, as This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. rar Mrtcrs Agricultural production declined during the peak war [41][42], The majority of the population identified as Buddhists. From 2000 to gap between their support and South Vietnam's requirements. Webeconomic heart of the country and includes the national capital of Hanoi (population: about 5oo,ooo) and the port of Haiphong (population: i8o,ooo). Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, a US-encouraged civilian presidential election, National Liberation Front for South Vietnam, second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975, DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam, 1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, 1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing, Arrest and assassination of Ng nh Dim, Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (now American Forces Network), 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng, Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa, Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, "Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 Country Codes English Country Names and Code Elements", "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 19541960", Unheralded Victory: The Defeat Of The Viet Cong And The North Vietnamese Mark William Woodruff Google Books, "The Vietnam War: Seeds of Conflict: 19451960", "This Day in History 1974: Thieu announces war has resumed", "Fall of Saigon - 1975 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com", "Pacific Stars and Stripes MACV Orientation Edition", "Significant Collections > Fonds of the Ta i Biu Chnh Ph Ti Trung Nguyn Trung Phn or the Office of the Government's Representative in Central Midlands", The South Vietnamese Economy During the Vietnam War, 19541975, "Imagining Taiwan: The Nixon Administration, the Developmental States, and South Vietnam's Search for Economic Viability, 19691975", "Vietnam on Film and Television: Documentaries in the Library of Congress", The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1956, The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967, Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam, Council for National Defense and Security, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Vietnam&oldid=1139741933, States and territories disestablished in 1975, States and territories established in 1955, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with minor POV problems from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In 19631965, there were numerous coups and short-lived governments, several of which were headed by, Ministry of Public Works and Communications (, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 17:47. 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